Discoloured Teeth

Tooth discolouration can develop on the surface of the teeth or within their internal structure. Surface staining, known as extrinsic discolouration, commonly occurs when pigments from foods and drinks accumulate on the enamel. Coffee, tea, red wine and strongly coloured foods can gradually alter the appearance of teeth, while smoking and other tobacco use can cause particularly noticeable yellow or brown staining. Plaque and tartar accumulation may also make teeth appear darker or more uneven in colour.

Teeth also naturally change colour with age. Enamel is relatively translucent and can gradually become thinner through normal wear and exposure to acids. As this happens, more of the underlying dentine becomes visible. Dentine naturally has a warmer yellow tone, meaning teeth can appear increasingly yellow even when they are otherwise healthy. Genetics also influence the natural colour and thickness of enamel and dentine, which is why some people naturally have lighter or darker teeth than others.

Discolouration can sometimes originate from inside a tooth, known as intrinsic discolouration. Dental trauma, certain medications taken while teeth are developing, developmental enamel conditions and changes within the tooth can all affect its colour. A single tooth that becomes noticeably grey or dark may sometimes indicate damage to the pulp following trauma or another dental problem. Because the cause determines the significance of the colour change, persistent or unexplained discolouration — particularly when isolated to one tooth — is worth having professionally assessed.