DENTAL CONCERN

Gummy Smile

Also called: gummy smile, too much gum, short teeth, gum showing

A gummy smile describes a smile in which a noticeable amount of gum is visible above the upper teeth. It is usually a cosmetic concern rather than a health problem and can result from the gums, teeth, lips, jaw structure or a combination of these factors.

TYPICALLY OCCURS

Genetics, lip movement, gum tissue and jaw development.

TREATED BY

Gum surgery, orthodontics, injectables and dental restoration.

ALSO LINKED TO

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Why it happens?

A gummy smile can develop when the proportions between the teeth, gums and lips result in more gum tissue being visible during a smile. In some people, the gums naturally cover a larger proportion of the teeth, making the visible crowns appear shorter. This can happen when the gums do not move back sufficiently as the permanent teeth emerge, sometimes referred to as altered passive eruption. Teeth that are naturally small or have become worn can also make the surrounding gums appear more prominent.

The movement and position of the upper lip are another important factor. Some people naturally have a shorter upper lip, while others have muscles that lift the lip particularly high when smiling. This increased movement can expose more of the gums even when the teeth and gum tissue themselves have normal proportions. Because smiling involves several facial muscles, the amount of gum displayed can vary considerably between individuals and may also change depending on how broadly someone smiles.

Jaw and tooth position can also influence the appearance of a gummy smile. Increased vertical development of the upper jaw can position the teeth and gums lower in relation to the upper lip, creating greater gum exposure. Certain bite patterns and the position of the upper front teeth may contribute as well. In many cases, more than one anatomical factor is involved, which is why identifying the underlying cause is important when considering whether any form of correction is appropriate.

How far along is it?

Early

A small amount of additional gum becomes visible above the upper teeth during a full smile, with otherwise balanced tooth and gum proportions.

Moderate

The gums become a more noticeable feature of the smile, potentially making the upper teeth appear shorter or altering the perceived balance between the teeth, gums and lips.

Advanced

A larger area of gum is visible during smiling, often involving significant lip movement, tooth and gum proportions, jaw anatomy or a combination of factors.

What addresses it?

Treatments that address this

Gum treatments→Smile makeover→

A gummy smile is usually a normal anatomical variation and does not need treatment for health reasons. It may be worth seeking professional advice if the amount of visible gum makes you uncomfortable with your smile or affects your confidence.

Assessment is also useful if excessive gum tissue makes cleaning difficult, the gum line appears unusually uneven, or there are additional symptoms such as persistent swelling or bleeding. Determining whether the appearance comes primarily from the gums, teeth, lip movement or jaw structure helps distinguish a cosmetic concern from an underlying dental or gum problem.

Quick Questions:

What causes a gummy smile?

A gummy smile can be caused by excess gum coverage, naturally short or worn teeth, increased upper-lip movement, a short upper lip, tooth position or the development of the upper jaw. Several factors may occur together.

Is a gummy smile a dental problem?

Usually not. A gummy smile is most often an aesthetic characteristic rather than a disease. However, excessive or uneven gum tissue can occasionally be associated with gum or dental conditions that should be assessed.

Can a gummy smile become more noticeable over time?

Yes. Changes to the teeth, gums and surrounding facial tissues can alter the proportions of a smile over time. Gum conditions, tooth wear and changes in tooth position can also influence its appearance.

Can a gummy smile be corrected?

In many cases, yes. The appropriate approach depends on what is causing the excessive gum display. Options can include gum contouring or surgery, orthodontic treatment, restorative dentistry or treatments that temporarily reduce excessive upper-lip movement.